1 00:00:51,530 --> 00:00:54,349 welcome to the first edition of a new TV 2 00:00:54,349 --> 00:00:54,359 welcome to the first edition of a new TV 3 00:00:54,359 --> 00:00:57,110 welcome to the first edition of a new TV series entitled the astronauts I'm Lynn 4 00:00:57,110 --> 00:00:57,120 series entitled the astronauts I'm Lynn 5 00:00:57,120 --> 00:00:59,750 series entitled the astronauts I'm Lynn Bondurant this first program highlights 6 00:00:59,750 --> 00:00:59,760 Bondurant this first program highlights 7 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:02,590 Bondurant this first program highlights the u.s. Project Mercury program and 8 00:01:02,590 --> 00:01:02,600 the u.s. Project Mercury program and 9 00:01:02,600 --> 00:01:04,670 the u.s. Project Mercury program and documents the historic training 10 00:01:04,670 --> 00:01:04,680 documents the historic training 11 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:06,859 documents the historic training activities the first seven astronauts 12 00:01:06,859 --> 00:01:06,869 activities the first seven astronauts 13 00:01:06,869 --> 00:01:09,010 activities the first seven astronauts underwent to qualify for the program 14 00:01:09,010 --> 00:01:09,020 underwent to qualify for the program 15 00:01:09,020 --> 00:01:14,240 underwent to qualify for the program were going back in time to 1959 this is 16 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:14,250 were going back in time to 1959 this is 17 00:01:14,250 --> 00:01:18,020 were going back in time to 1959 this is a press conference april 9th 1959 18 00:01:18,020 --> 00:01:18,030 a press conference april 9th 1959 19 00:01:18,030 --> 00:01:22,700 a press conference april 9th 1959 washington DC one of these seven young 20 00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:22,710 washington DC one of these seven young 21 00:01:22,710 --> 00:01:24,919 washington DC one of these seven young men will be the first American into 22 00:01:24,919 --> 00:01:24,929 men will be the first American into 23 00:01:24,929 --> 00:01:30,410 men will be the first American into space these are the astronauts United 24 00:01:30,410 --> 00:01:30,420 space these are the astronauts United 25 00:01:30,420 --> 00:01:35,449 space these are the astronauts United States project Hercules a substantial 26 00:01:35,449 --> 00:01:35,459 States project Hercules a substantial 27 00:01:35,459 --> 00:01:38,300 States project Hercules a substantial part of the imagination energy and 28 00:01:38,300 --> 00:01:38,310 part of the imagination energy and 29 00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:40,999 part of the imagination energy and genius of the United States is being 30 00:01:40,999 --> 00:01:41,009 genius of the United States is being 31 00:01:41,009 --> 00:01:43,039 genius of the United States is being devoted to the scientific exploration of 32 00:01:43,039 --> 00:01:43,049 devoted to the scientific exploration of 33 00:01:43,049 --> 00:01:44,990 devoted to the scientific exploration of our universe 34 00:01:44,990 --> 00:01:45,000 our universe 35 00:01:45,000 --> 00:01:47,390 our universe the launching pads and gantry's of the 36 00:01:47,390 --> 00:01:47,400 the launching pads and gantry's of the 37 00:01:47,400 --> 00:01:50,000 the launching pads and gantry's of the Atlantic Missile Range mount many of our 38 00:01:50,000 --> 00:01:50,010 Atlantic Missile Range mount many of our 39 00:01:50,010 --> 00:01:51,620 Atlantic Missile Range mount many of our experiments into the very nature of 40 00:01:51,620 --> 00:01:51,630 experiments into the very nature of 41 00:01:51,630 --> 00:02:07,430 experiments into the very nature of creation 42 00:02:07,430 --> 00:02:07,440 43 00:02:07,440 --> 00:02:10,229 personnel please clear the launching 44 00:02:10,229 --> 00:02:10,239 personnel please clear the launching 45 00:02:10,239 --> 00:02:39,000 personnel please clear the launching area 46 00:02:39,000 --> 00:02:39,010 47 00:02:39,010 --> 00:02:41,380 this launch carried an earth satellite 48 00:02:41,380 --> 00:02:41,390 this launch carried an earth satellite 49 00:02:41,390 --> 00:02:46,270 this launch carried an earth satellite into orbit soon before the earth turns 50 00:02:46,270 --> 00:02:46,280 into orbit soon before the earth turns 51 00:02:46,280 --> 00:02:49,300 into orbit soon before the earth turns many hundred times a man will climb into 52 00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:49,310 many hundred times a man will climb into 53 00:02:49,310 --> 00:02:51,370 many hundred times a man will climb into a capsule of the Atlantic missile range 54 00:02:51,370 --> 00:02:51,380 a capsule of the Atlantic missile range 55 00:02:51,380 --> 00:03:09,660 a capsule of the Atlantic missile range and the world headlong into space why 56 00:03:09,660 --> 00:03:09,670 and the world headlong into space why 57 00:03:09,670 --> 00:03:14,080 and the world headlong into space why wireless ma'am go into space why does 58 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:14,090 wireless ma'am go into space why does 59 00:03:14,090 --> 00:03:18,180 wireless ma'am go into space why does the attempt this new and forbidding life 60 00:03:18,180 --> 00:03:18,190 61 00:03:18,190 --> 00:03:20,680 space with its belts of radiation 62 00:03:20,680 --> 00:03:20,690 space with its belts of radiation 63 00:03:20,690 --> 00:03:24,250 space with its belts of radiation meteorites SolarWinds unknown cosmic 64 00:03:24,250 --> 00:03:24,260 meteorites SolarWinds unknown cosmic 65 00:03:24,260 --> 00:03:26,490 meteorites SolarWinds unknown cosmic forces 66 00:03:26,490 --> 00:03:26,500 forces 67 00:03:26,500 --> 00:03:29,430 forces to explore his world man has always risk 68 00:03:29,430 --> 00:03:29,440 to explore his world man has always risk 69 00:03:29,440 --> 00:03:33,990 to explore his world man has always risk the unknown because it is unknown and 70 00:03:33,990 --> 00:03:34,000 the unknown because it is unknown and 71 00:03:34,000 --> 00:03:37,890 the unknown because it is unknown and man's nature is to know Project Mercury 72 00:03:37,890 --> 00:03:37,900 man's nature is to know Project Mercury 73 00:03:37,900 --> 00:03:43,170 man's nature is to know Project Mercury is a beginning for man in space it will 74 00:03:43,170 --> 00:03:43,180 is a beginning for man in space it will 75 00:03:43,180 --> 00:03:47,220 is a beginning for man in space it will take him 100 miles from the earth here 76 00:03:47,220 --> 00:03:47,230 take him 100 miles from the earth here 77 00:03:47,230 --> 00:03:49,050 take him 100 miles from the earth here we think there are no radiation belts 78 00:03:49,050 --> 00:03:49,060 we think there are no radiation belts 79 00:03:49,060 --> 00:03:51,420 we think there are no radiation belts solar winds are unknown cosmic forces 80 00:03:51,420 --> 00:03:51,430 solar winds are unknown cosmic forces 81 00:03:51,430 --> 00:03:54,630 solar winds are unknown cosmic forces but man the scientist the Explorer must 82 00:03:54,630 --> 00:03:54,640 but man the scientist the Explorer must 83 00:03:54,640 --> 00:04:03,630 but man the scientist the Explorer must see for himself each component of 84 00:04:03,630 --> 00:04:03,640 see for himself each component of 85 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:05,280 see for himself each component of Project Mercury will be held up and 86 00:04:05,280 --> 00:04:05,290 Project Mercury will be held up and 87 00:04:05,290 --> 00:04:07,110 Project Mercury will be held up and measured in the unbending light of 88 00:04:07,110 --> 00:04:07,120 measured in the unbending light of 89 00:04:07,120 --> 00:04:13,590 measured in the unbending light of scientific truth will it work what does 90 00:04:13,590 --> 00:04:13,600 scientific truth will it work what does 91 00:04:13,600 --> 00:04:24,180 scientific truth will it work what does it work under load why not 92 00:04:24,180 --> 00:04:24,190 93 00:04:24,190 --> 00:04:26,680 the problem of selecting pilots who 94 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:26,690 the problem of selecting pilots who 95 00:04:26,690 --> 00:04:28,360 the problem of selecting pilots who represent the United States and space 96 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:28,370 represent the United States and space 97 00:04:28,370 --> 00:04:30,240 represent the United States and space was approached from the same 98 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:30,250 was approached from the same 99 00:04:30,250 --> 00:04:33,760 was approached from the same uncompromising direction from all of the 100 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:33,770 uncompromising direction from all of the 101 00:04:33,770 --> 00:04:35,470 uncompromising direction from all of the active duty pilots in the Navy Marines 102 00:04:35,470 --> 00:04:35,480 active duty pilots in the Navy Marines 103 00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:38,010 active duty pilots in the Navy Marines and Air Force the service records are 104 00:04:38,010 --> 00:04:38,020 and Air Force the service records are 105 00:04:38,020 --> 00:04:42,120 and Air Force the service records are 473 test pilots were selected for review 106 00:04:42,120 --> 00:04:42,130 473 test pilots were selected for review 107 00:04:42,130 --> 00:04:46,270 473 test pilots were selected for review 110 met the basic qualifications each 108 00:04:46,270 --> 00:04:46,280 110 met the basic qualifications each 109 00:04:46,280 --> 00:04:49,540 110 met the basic qualifications each must be a graduate of a navy or Air 110 00:04:49,540 --> 00:04:49,550 must be a graduate of a navy or Air 111 00:04:49,550 --> 00:04:53,080 must be a graduate of a navy or Air Force test pilot school 1500 hours of 112 00:04:53,080 --> 00:04:53,090 Force test pilot school 1500 hours of 113 00:04:53,090 --> 00:04:57,370 Force test pilot school 1500 hours of flight time qualified in jet aircraft an 114 00:04:57,370 --> 00:04:57,380 flight time qualified in jet aircraft an 115 00:04:57,380 --> 00:05:00,280 flight time qualified in jet aircraft an engineering background younger than 40 116 00:05:00,280 --> 00:05:00,290 engineering background younger than 40 117 00:05:00,290 --> 00:05:03,490 engineering background younger than 40 at the time of selection and 5 feet 11 118 00:05:03,490 --> 00:05:03,500 at the time of selection and 5 feet 11 119 00:05:03,500 --> 00:05:07,090 at the time of selection and 5 feet 11 or less the national aeronautics and 120 00:05:07,090 --> 00:05:07,100 or less the national aeronautics and 121 00:05:07,100 --> 00:05:09,370 or less the national aeronautics and space administration asked 69 Navy 122 00:05:09,370 --> 00:05:09,380 space administration asked 69 Navy 123 00:05:09,380 --> 00:05:11,860 space administration asked 69 Navy Marine and Air Force officers of the 110 124 00:05:11,860 --> 00:05:11,870 Marine and Air Force officers of the 110 125 00:05:11,870 --> 00:05:14,020 Marine and Air Force officers of the 110 who qualified to come to Washington for 126 00:05:14,020 --> 00:05:14,030 who qualified to come to Washington for 127 00:05:14,030 --> 00:05:18,670 who qualified to come to Washington for a briefing they were interviewed tested 128 00:05:18,670 --> 00:05:18,680 a briefing they were interviewed tested 129 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:20,440 a briefing they were interviewed tested and asked to volunteer for the project 130 00:05:20,440 --> 00:05:20,450 and asked to volunteer for the project 131 00:05:20,450 --> 00:05:26,020 and asked to volunteer for the project mercury mission 6 were discovered to be 132 00:05:26,020 --> 00:05:26,030 mercury mission 6 were discovered to be 133 00:05:26,030 --> 00:05:33,450 mercury mission 6 were discovered to be too tall 16 declined and 47 volunteered 134 00:05:33,450 --> 00:05:33,460 too tall 16 declined and 47 volunteered 135 00:05:33,460 --> 00:05:35,740 too tall 16 declined and 47 volunteered 32 were asked to continue through a 136 00:05:35,740 --> 00:05:35,750 32 were asked to continue through a 137 00:05:35,750 --> 00:05:37,600 32 were asked to continue through a series of capability tests which would 138 00:05:37,600 --> 00:05:37,610 series of capability tests which would 139 00:05:37,610 --> 00:05:39,570 series of capability tests which would indicate not the best man in the group 140 00:05:39,570 --> 00:05:39,580 indicate not the best man in the group 141 00:05:39,580 --> 00:05:42,370 indicate not the best man in the group but the various degrees of qualification 142 00:05:42,370 --> 00:05:42,380 but the various degrees of qualification 143 00:05:42,380 --> 00:06:01,320 but the various degrees of qualification of each man 144 00:06:01,320 --> 00:06:01,330 145 00:06:01,330 --> 00:06:03,760 32 candidates reported to the Lovelace 146 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:03,770 32 candidates reported to the Lovelace 147 00:06:03,770 --> 00:06:05,740 32 candidates reported to the Lovelace clinic in Albuquerque New Mexico for an 148 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:05,750 clinic in Albuquerque New Mexico for an 149 00:06:05,750 --> 00:06:07,090 clinic in Albuquerque New Mexico for an exhaustive series of physical 150 00:06:07,090 --> 00:06:07,100 exhaustive series of physical 151 00:06:07,100 --> 00:06:10,720 exhaustive series of physical examinations these tests were divided 152 00:06:10,720 --> 00:06:10,730 examinations these tests were divided 153 00:06:10,730 --> 00:06:12,010 examinations these tests were divided between those given under normal 154 00:06:12,010 --> 00:06:12,020 between those given under normal 155 00:06:12,020 --> 00:06:14,500 between those given under normal clinical procedures and a series used 156 00:06:14,500 --> 00:06:14,510 clinical procedures and a series used 157 00:06:14,510 --> 00:06:17,160 clinical procedures and a series used for the first time in project mercury a 158 00:06:17,160 --> 00:06:17,170 for the first time in project mercury a 159 00:06:17,170 --> 00:06:20,110 for the first time in project mercury a series of dynamic tests designed to 160 00:06:20,110 --> 00:06:20,120 series of dynamic tests designed to 161 00:06:20,120 --> 00:06:21,730 series of dynamic tests designed to measure the candidates abilities during 162 00:06:21,730 --> 00:06:21,740 measure the candidates abilities during 163 00:06:21,740 --> 00:06:29,050 measure the candidates abilities during physical stress laboratory studies were 164 00:06:29,050 --> 00:06:29,060 physical stress laboratory studies were 165 00:06:29,060 --> 00:06:32,040 physical stress laboratory studies were made in each physiological area as 166 00:06:32,040 --> 00:06:32,050 made in each physiological area as 167 00:06:32,050 --> 00:06:34,180 made in each physiological area as military pilots these men had passed 168 00:06:34,180 --> 00:06:34,190 military pilots these men had passed 169 00:06:34,190 --> 00:06:41,440 military pilots these men had passed yearly flight physicals but here at the 170 00:06:41,440 --> 00:06:41,450 yearly flight physicals but here at the 171 00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:44,020 yearly flight physicals but here at the loveliest clinic each measurable 172 00:06:44,020 --> 00:06:44,030 loveliest clinic each measurable 173 00:06:44,030 --> 00:06:45,970 loveliest clinic each measurable reaction of body chemistry each physical 174 00:06:45,970 --> 00:06:45,980 reaction of body chemistry each physical 175 00:06:45,980 --> 00:06:50,610 reaction of body chemistry each physical function was measured probed diagnosed 176 00:06:50,610 --> 00:06:50,620 function was measured probed diagnosed 177 00:06:50,620 --> 00:06:53,430 function was measured probed diagnosed what is the specific gravity of his body 178 00:06:53,430 --> 00:06:53,440 what is the specific gravity of his body 179 00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,600 what is the specific gravity of his body what is his blood volume water volume 180 00:06:57,600 --> 00:06:57,610 what is his blood volume water volume 181 00:06:57,610 --> 00:07:06,030 what is his blood volume water volume what is his total body radiation count 182 00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:06,040 183 00:07:06,040 --> 00:07:09,760 we are listening to his heart when the 184 00:07:09,760 --> 00:07:09,770 we are listening to his heart when the 185 00:07:09,770 --> 00:07:12,040 we are listening to his heart when the astronaut is orbiting in space the 186 00:07:12,040 --> 00:07:12,050 astronaut is orbiting in space the 187 00:07:12,050 --> 00:07:13,750 astronaut is orbiting in space the measure of his heart's contraction and 188 00:07:13,750 --> 00:07:13,760 measure of his heart's contraction and 189 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:15,970 measure of his heart's contraction and expansion will be telemetered to the 190 00:07:15,970 --> 00:07:15,980 expansion will be telemetered to the 191 00:07:15,980 --> 00:07:22,710 expansion will be telemetered to the mercury tracking stations 192 00:07:22,710 --> 00:07:22,720 193 00:07:22,720 --> 00:07:24,909 after a week of examinations the 194 00:07:24,909 --> 00:07:24,919 after a week of examinations the 195 00:07:24,919 --> 00:07:26,500 after a week of examinations the candidates were sent on to the right air 196 00:07:26,500 --> 00:07:26,510 candidates were sent on to the right air 197 00:07:26,510 --> 00:07:28,240 candidates were sent on to the right air Development Center in Dayton for stress 198 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:28,250 Development Center in Dayton for stress 199 00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:38,290 Development Center in Dayton for stress evaluation and psychological tests 200 00:07:38,290 --> 00:07:38,300 201 00:07:38,300 --> 00:07:40,910 this project mercury candidate is 202 00:07:40,910 --> 00:07:40,920 this project mercury candidate is 203 00:07:40,920 --> 00:07:44,630 this project mercury candidate is preparing for stress the weight of eight 204 00:07:44,630 --> 00:07:44,640 preparing for stress the weight of eight 205 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:46,790 preparing for stress the weight of eight gravities will thrust upon him as he 206 00:07:46,790 --> 00:07:46,800 gravities will thrust upon him as he 207 00:07:46,800 --> 00:08:09,649 gravities will thrust upon him as he rides the human centrifuge 208 00:08:09,649 --> 00:08:09,659 209 00:08:09,659 --> 00:08:13,350 his reactions are studied the results 210 00:08:13,350 --> 00:08:13,360 his reactions are studied the results 211 00:08:13,360 --> 00:08:14,790 his reactions are studied the results will indicate how he fared under 212 00:08:14,790 --> 00:08:14,800 will indicate how he fared under 213 00:08:14,800 --> 00:08:16,980 will indicate how he fared under multiple gravity forces did he show a 214 00:08:16,980 --> 00:08:16,990 multiple gravity forces did he show a 215 00:08:16,990 --> 00:08:21,179 multiple gravity forces did he show a tendency to pull back no was his collar 216 00:08:21,179 --> 00:08:21,189 tendency to pull back no was his collar 217 00:08:21,189 --> 00:08:25,110 tendency to pull back no was his collar ins level low was it high now and we 218 00:08:25,110 --> 00:08:25,120 ins level low was it high now and we 219 00:08:25,120 --> 00:08:33,820 ins level low was it high now and we shake his equilibrium 220 00:08:33,820 --> 00:08:33,830 221 00:08:33,830 --> 00:08:36,160 how does this affect his pulse and blood 222 00:08:36,160 --> 00:08:36,170 how does this affect his pulse and blood 223 00:08:36,170 --> 00:08:39,640 how does this affect his pulse and blood pressure and what about his mental 224 00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:39,650 pressure and what about his mental 225 00:08:39,650 --> 00:08:42,360 pressure and what about his mental balance his imagination his personality 226 00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:42,370 balance his imagination his personality 227 00:08:42,370 --> 00:08:44,560 balance his imagination his personality motivation 228 00:08:44,560 --> 00:08:44,570 motivation 229 00:08:44,570 --> 00:08:46,330 motivation how does he see the different problems 230 00:08:46,330 --> 00:08:46,340 how does he see the different problems 231 00:08:46,340 --> 00:08:47,540 how does he see the different problems of living 232 00:08:47,540 --> 00:08:47,550 of living 233 00:08:47,550 --> 00:08:49,370 of living and how his life affected in as an 234 00:08:49,370 --> 00:08:49,380 and how his life affected in as an 235 00:08:49,380 --> 00:08:59,120 and how his life affected in as an individual test his memory comprehension 236 00:08:59,120 --> 00:08:59,130 individual test his memory comprehension 237 00:08:59,130 --> 00:09:06,680 individual test his memory comprehension perception visualization asked him to 238 00:09:06,680 --> 00:09:06,690 perception visualization asked him to 239 00:09:06,690 --> 00:09:07,910 perception visualization asked him to describe himself in a hundred different 240 00:09:07,910 --> 00:09:07,920 describe himself in a hundred different 241 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:13,019 describe himself in a hundred different ways for the battery of tests 242 00:09:13,019 --> 00:09:13,029 243 00:09:13,029 --> 00:09:16,689 now take him up to 65,000 feet for one 244 00:09:16,689 --> 00:09:16,699 now take him up to 65,000 feet for one 245 00:09:16,699 --> 00:09:31,300 now take him up to 65,000 feet for one hour in a pressure chamber now have him 246 00:09:31,300 --> 00:09:31,310 hour in a pressure chamber now have him 247 00:09:31,310 --> 00:09:40,509 hour in a pressure chamber now have him do this for five minutes they'll ask him 248 00:09:40,509 --> 00:09:40,519 do this for five minutes they'll ask him 249 00:09:40,519 --> 00:09:43,059 do this for five minutes they'll ask him to take a walk walk until his heart 250 00:09:43,059 --> 00:09:43,069 to take a walk walk until his heart 251 00:09:43,069 --> 00:09:44,680 to take a walk walk until his heart beats a hundred and eighty times a 252 00:09:44,680 --> 00:09:44,690 beats a hundred and eighty times a 253 00:09:44,690 --> 00:09:47,769 beats a hundred and eighty times a minute elevate the incline one degree 254 00:09:47,769 --> 00:09:47,779 minute elevate the incline one degree 255 00:09:47,779 --> 00:09:53,139 minute elevate the incline one degree every minute these tests continued until 256 00:09:53,139 --> 00:09:53,149 every minute these tests continued until 257 00:09:53,149 --> 00:10:00,879 every minute these tests continued until all 32 men had been evaluated seven men 258 00:10:00,879 --> 00:10:00,889 all 32 men had been evaluated seven men 259 00:10:00,889 --> 00:10:02,800 all 32 men had been evaluated seven men emerged from this competitive purgatory 260 00:10:02,800 --> 00:10:02,810 emerged from this competitive purgatory 261 00:10:02,810 --> 00:10:08,530 emerged from this competitive purgatory as the project mercury astronauts at 262 00:10:08,530 --> 00:10:08,540 as the project mercury astronauts at 263 00:10:08,540 --> 00:10:10,449 as the project mercury astronauts at mcdonald aircraft they saw a model of 264 00:10:10,449 --> 00:10:10,459 mcdonald aircraft they saw a model of 265 00:10:10,459 --> 00:10:11,949 mcdonald aircraft they saw a model of the space capsule they would ride into 266 00:10:11,949 --> 00:10:11,959 the space capsule they would ride into 267 00:10:11,959 --> 00:10:14,740 the space capsule they would ride into orbit they sat in the cockpit for the 268 00:10:14,740 --> 00:10:14,750 orbit they sat in the cockpit for the 269 00:10:14,750 --> 00:10:16,180 orbit they sat in the cockpit for the first time 270 00:10:16,180 --> 00:10:16,190 first time 271 00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:19,500 first time this is the beginning for each of them 272 00:10:19,500 --> 00:10:19,510 this is the beginning for each of them 273 00:10:19,510 --> 00:10:22,060 this is the beginning for each of them captain Donald case late united states 274 00:10:22,060 --> 00:10:22,070 captain Donald case late united states 275 00:10:22,070 --> 00:10:27,890 captain Donald case late united states air force age 35 from Sparta Wisconsin 276 00:10:27,890 --> 00:10:27,900 277 00:10:27,900 --> 00:10:29,690 Lieutenant Commander Alan B Shepard 278 00:10:29,690 --> 00:10:29,700 Lieutenant Commander Alan B Shepard 279 00:10:29,700 --> 00:10:32,840 Lieutenant Commander Alan B Shepard United States Navy age 35 from East 280 00:10:32,840 --> 00:10:32,850 United States Navy age 35 from East 281 00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:37,790 United States Navy age 35 from East Derry New Hampshire Lieutenant Commander 282 00:10:37,790 --> 00:10:37,800 Derry New Hampshire Lieutenant Commander 283 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:40,190 Derry New Hampshire Lieutenant Commander Walter M shiraj jr. United States Navy 284 00:10:40,190 --> 00:10:40,200 Walter M shiraj jr. United States Navy 285 00:10:40,200 --> 00:10:45,770 Walter M shiraj jr. United States Navy age 36 from Wardell New Jersey captain 286 00:10:45,770 --> 00:10:45,780 age 36 from Wardell New Jersey captain 287 00:10:45,780 --> 00:10:47,630 age 36 from Wardell New Jersey captain Virgil I Grissom United States Air Force 288 00:10:47,630 --> 00:10:47,640 Virgil I Grissom United States Air Force 289 00:10:47,640 --> 00:10:54,170 Virgil I Grissom United States Air Force age 33 from Mitchell Indiana Lieutenant 290 00:10:54,170 --> 00:10:54,180 age 33 from Mitchell Indiana Lieutenant 291 00:10:54,180 --> 00:10:56,090 age 33 from Mitchell Indiana Lieutenant Colonel John h.glenn united states 292 00:10:56,090 --> 00:10:56,100 Colonel John h.glenn united states 293 00:10:56,100 --> 00:10:58,400 Colonel John h.glenn united states marine corps age 38 from New Concord 294 00:10:58,400 --> 00:10:58,410 marine corps age 38 from New Concord 295 00:10:58,410 --> 00:11:04,040 marine corps age 38 from New Concord Ohio captain Leroy G Cooper jr. United 296 00:11:04,040 --> 00:11:04,050 Ohio captain Leroy G Cooper jr. United 297 00:11:04,050 --> 00:11:06,410 Ohio captain Leroy G Cooper jr. United States Air Force age 32 from Carbondale 298 00:11:06,410 --> 00:11:06,420 States Air Force age 32 from Carbondale 299 00:11:06,420 --> 00:11:11,690 States Air Force age 32 from Carbondale Colorado lieutenant Malcolm scott 300 00:11:11,690 --> 00:11:11,700 Colorado lieutenant Malcolm scott 301 00:11:11,700 --> 00:11:15,260 Colorado lieutenant Malcolm scott Carpenter United States Navy age 33 from 302 00:11:15,260 --> 00:11:15,270 Carpenter United States Navy age 33 from 303 00:11:15,270 --> 00:11:19,760 Carpenter United States Navy age 33 from Boulder Colorado these officers were 304 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:19,770 Boulder Colorado these officers were 305 00:11:19,770 --> 00:11:21,560 Boulder Colorado these officers were detailed by their services to report to 306 00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:21,570 detailed by their services to report to 307 00:11:21,570 --> 00:11:26,030 detailed by their services to report to the na sa at Langley field Virginia here 308 00:11:26,030 --> 00:11:26,040 the na sa at Langley field Virginia here 309 00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:27,260 the na sa at Langley field Virginia here the National Aeronautics and Space 310 00:11:27,260 --> 00:11:27,270 the National Aeronautics and Space 311 00:11:27,270 --> 00:11:29,270 the National Aeronautics and Space Administration space task group under 312 00:11:29,270 --> 00:11:29,280 Administration space task group under 313 00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:30,680 Administration space task group under the direction of robert gill Ruth had 314 00:11:30,680 --> 00:11:30,690 the direction of robert gill Ruth had 315 00:11:30,690 --> 00:11:32,330 the direction of robert gill Ruth had organized a training program for the 316 00:11:32,330 --> 00:11:32,340 organized a training program for the 317 00:11:32,340 --> 00:11:35,150 organized a training program for the astronauts they were excellent students 318 00:11:35,150 --> 00:11:35,160 astronauts they were excellent students 319 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:36,590 astronauts they were excellent students and they had a realistic and tough 320 00:11:36,590 --> 00:11:36,600 and they had a realistic and tough 321 00:11:36,600 --> 00:11:39,410 and they had a realistic and tough minded approach to Project Mercury they 322 00:11:39,410 --> 00:11:39,420 minded approach to Project Mercury they 323 00:11:39,420 --> 00:11:42,020 minded approach to Project Mercury they had to know all the answers here they 324 00:11:42,020 --> 00:11:42,030 had to know all the answers here they 325 00:11:42,030 --> 00:11:44,810 had to know all the answers here they discussed the flight tests in the flight 326 00:11:44,810 --> 00:11:44,820 discussed the flight tests in the flight 327 00:11:44,820 --> 00:11:46,370 discussed the flight tests in the flight program they would ride both the red 328 00:11:46,370 --> 00:11:46,380 program they would ride both the red 329 00:11:46,380 --> 00:11:49,400 program they would ride both the red stone and the Atlas boosters but a man 330 00:11:49,400 --> 00:11:49,410 stone and the Atlas boosters but a man 331 00:11:49,410 --> 00:11:51,470 stone and the Atlas boosters but a man would not ride either booster until the 332 00:11:51,470 --> 00:11:51,480 would not ride either booster until the 333 00:11:51,480 --> 00:11:54,410 would not ride either booster until the full test program was a success 334 00:11:54,410 --> 00:11:54,420 full test program was a success 335 00:11:54,420 --> 00:11:57,440 full test program was a success the schedule included first instrumented 336 00:11:57,440 --> 00:11:57,450 the schedule included first instrumented 337 00:11:57,450 --> 00:12:00,019 the schedule included first instrumented capsules then capsules with a monkey 338 00:12:00,019 --> 00:12:00,029 capsules then capsules with a monkey 339 00:12:00,029 --> 00:12:03,290 capsules then capsules with a monkey aboard and then one of the seven would 340 00:12:03,290 --> 00:12:03,300 aboard and then one of the seven would 341 00:12:03,300 --> 00:12:08,360 aboard and then one of the seven would go into space the schedule also provided 342 00:12:08,360 --> 00:12:08,370 go into space the schedule also provided 343 00:12:08,370 --> 00:12:09,710 go into space the schedule also provided for the problems of flying near the 344 00:12:09,710 --> 00:12:09,720 for the problems of flying near the 345 00:12:09,720 --> 00:12:12,050 for the problems of flying near the earth they must maintain a proficiency 346 00:12:12,050 --> 00:12:12,060 earth they must maintain a proficiency 347 00:12:12,060 --> 00:12:18,400 earth they must maintain a proficiency in high performance military aircraft 348 00:12:18,400 --> 00:12:18,410 349 00:12:18,410 --> 00:12:20,840 out of this training together a strong 350 00:12:20,840 --> 00:12:20,850 out of this training together a strong 351 00:12:20,850 --> 00:12:23,480 out of this training together a strong esprit de corps develop they all felt 352 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:23,490 esprit de corps develop they all felt 353 00:12:23,490 --> 00:12:25,040 esprit de corps develop they all felt that this must be a team effort 354 00:12:25,040 --> 00:12:25,050 that this must be a team effort 355 00:12:25,050 --> 00:12:28,720 that this must be a team effort involving all of Project Mercury 356 00:12:28,720 --> 00:12:28,730 involving all of Project Mercury 357 00:12:28,730 --> 00:12:31,009 involving all of Project Mercury recognition would undoubtedly go to the 358 00:12:31,009 --> 00:12:31,019 recognition would undoubtedly go to the 359 00:12:31,019 --> 00:12:33,560 recognition would undoubtedly go to the man who makes the first flight but the 360 00:12:33,560 --> 00:12:33,570 man who makes the first flight but the 361 00:12:33,570 --> 00:12:36,110 man who makes the first flight but the second third or fourth flights may 362 00:12:36,110 --> 00:12:36,120 second third or fourth flights may 363 00:12:36,120 --> 00:12:37,759 second third or fourth flights may produce far more scientific information 364 00:12:37,759 --> 00:12:37,769 produce far more scientific information 365 00:12:37,769 --> 00:12:44,100 produce far more scientific information than the first flight 366 00:12:44,100 --> 00:12:44,110 367 00:12:44,110 --> 00:12:46,720 soon all of the astronauts were busy 368 00:12:46,720 --> 00:12:46,730 soon all of the astronauts were busy 369 00:12:46,730 --> 00:12:48,610 soon all of the astronauts were busy qualifying themselves for a space flight 370 00:12:48,610 --> 00:12:48,620 qualifying themselves for a space flight 371 00:12:48,620 --> 00:12:50,949 qualifying themselves for a space flight they rode the human centrifuges of the 372 00:12:50,949 --> 00:12:50,959 they rode the human centrifuges of the 373 00:12:50,959 --> 00:12:53,170 they rode the human centrifuges of the Air Force and enable here they trained 374 00:12:53,170 --> 00:12:53,180 Air Force and enable here they trained 375 00:12:53,180 --> 00:12:54,699 Air Force and enable here they trained to increase their resistance to the 376 00:12:54,699 --> 00:12:54,709 to increase their resistance to the 377 00:12:54,709 --> 00:12:56,079 to increase their resistance to the forces of nature that were pitted 378 00:12:56,079 --> 00:12:56,089 forces of nature that were pitted 379 00:12:56,089 --> 00:13:02,410 forces of nature that were pitted against 380 00:13:02,410 --> 00:13:02,420 381 00:13:02,420 --> 00:13:05,930 but each new experience each small 382 00:13:05,930 --> 00:13:05,940 but each new experience each small 383 00:13:05,940 --> 00:13:08,210 but each new experience each small physical or mental victory was backed up 384 00:13:08,210 --> 00:13:08,220 physical or mental victory was backed up 385 00:13:08,220 --> 00:13:12,470 physical or mental victory was backed up by hours of classroom work the time had 386 00:13:12,470 --> 00:13:12,480 by hours of classroom work the time had 387 00:13:12,480 --> 00:13:14,240 by hours of classroom work the time had come to select the pressurized white 388 00:13:14,240 --> 00:13:14,250 come to select the pressurized white 389 00:13:14,250 --> 00:13:16,730 come to select the pressurized white suit they would wear all of the suits 390 00:13:16,730 --> 00:13:16,740 suit they would wear all of the suits 391 00:13:16,740 --> 00:13:18,769 suit they would wear all of the suits tested were air-conditioned at an 392 00:13:18,769 --> 00:13:18,779 tested were air-conditioned at an 393 00:13:18,779 --> 00:13:20,360 tested were air-conditioned at an attachable helmet and would protect the 394 00:13:20,360 --> 00:13:20,370 attachable helmet and would protect the 395 00:13:20,370 --> 00:13:22,450 attachable helmet and would protect the pilot from heat and from the deafening 396 00:13:22,450 --> 00:13:22,460 pilot from heat and from the deafening 397 00:13:22,460 --> 00:13:28,070 pilot from heat and from the deafening 155 decibel noise of the blast-off the 398 00:13:28,070 --> 00:13:28,080 155 decibel noise of the blast-off the 399 00:13:28,080 --> 00:13:29,630 155 decibel noise of the blast-off the problem was to select the suit which had 400 00:13:29,630 --> 00:13:29,640 problem was to select the suit which had 401 00:13:29,640 --> 00:13:32,060 problem was to select the suit which had complete pressure integrity which was 402 00:13:32,060 --> 00:13:32,070 complete pressure integrity which was 403 00:13:32,070 --> 00:13:34,400 complete pressure integrity which was resistant to temperature and was not too 404 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:34,410 resistant to temperature and was not too 405 00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:36,890 resistant to temperature and was not too bulky a suit which allowed comparative 406 00:13:36,890 --> 00:13:36,900 bulky a suit which allowed comparative 407 00:13:36,900 --> 00:13:39,200 bulky a suit which allowed comparative freedom of movement yet a suit which was 408 00:13:39,200 --> 00:13:39,210 freedom of movement yet a suit which was 409 00:13:39,210 --> 00:13:43,760 freedom of movement yet a suit which was completely reliable this modified US 410 00:13:43,760 --> 00:13:43,770 completely reliable this modified US 411 00:13:43,770 --> 00:13:45,890 completely reliable this modified US navy mark for suit worn by shepard was 412 00:13:45,890 --> 00:13:45,900 navy mark for suit worn by shepard was 413 00:13:45,900 --> 00:13:49,610 navy mark for suit worn by shepard was selected for further testing in the feel 414 00:13:49,610 --> 00:13:49,620 selected for further testing in the feel 415 00:13:49,620 --> 00:13:52,460 selected for further testing in the feel of space flight controls this trainer at 416 00:13:52,460 --> 00:13:52,470 of space flight controls this trainer at 417 00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:54,320 of space flight controls this trainer at n ASA's Lewis Research Center in 418 00:13:54,320 --> 00:13:54,330 n ASA's Lewis Research Center in 419 00:13:54,330 --> 00:13:56,600 n ASA's Lewis Research Center in Cleveland demonstrates the possible 420 00:13:56,600 --> 00:13:56,610 Cleveland demonstrates the possible 421 00:13:56,610 --> 00:14:05,030 Cleveland demonstrates the possible motions of a capsule in space 422 00:14:05,030 --> 00:14:05,040 423 00:14:05,040 --> 00:14:07,800 while the astronauts perfect themselves 424 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:07,810 while the astronauts perfect themselves 425 00:14:07,810 --> 00:14:09,360 while the astronauts perfect themselves for their mission the hardware of 426 00:14:09,360 --> 00:14:09,370 for their mission the hardware of 427 00:14:09,370 --> 00:14:11,059 for their mission the hardware of Project Mercury is being tested 428 00:14:11,059 --> 00:14:11,069 Project Mercury is being tested 429 00:14:11,069 --> 00:14:15,840 Project Mercury is being tested evaluated reshaped and tested again off 430 00:14:15,840 --> 00:14:15,850 evaluated reshaped and tested again off 431 00:14:15,850 --> 00:14:18,930 evaluated reshaped and tested again off Wallops Island Virginia capsule drops at 432 00:14:18,930 --> 00:14:18,940 Wallops Island Virginia capsule drops at 433 00:14:18,940 --> 00:14:21,540 Wallops Island Virginia capsule drops at high altitude test the parachute and 434 00:14:21,540 --> 00:14:21,550 high altitude test the parachute and 435 00:14:21,550 --> 00:14:28,460 high altitude test the parachute and recovery system 436 00:14:28,460 --> 00:14:28,470 437 00:14:28,470 --> 00:14:44,750 at 10,000 feet the parachute will open 438 00:14:44,750 --> 00:14:44,760 439 00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:47,520 the astronaut riding its capsule will 440 00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:47,530 the astronaut riding its capsule will 441 00:14:47,530 --> 00:14:49,350 the astronaut riding its capsule will end in the Atlantic recovery area off 442 00:14:49,350 --> 00:14:49,360 end in the Atlantic recovery area off 443 00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:58,829 end in the Atlantic recovery area off the coast of Florida 444 00:14:58,829 --> 00:14:58,839 445 00:14:58,839 --> 00:15:01,389 the astronaut must learn to tolerate the 446 00:15:01,389 --> 00:15:01,399 the astronaut must learn to tolerate the 447 00:15:01,399 --> 00:15:02,980 the astronaut must learn to tolerate the heating he encounters during his fall 448 00:15:02,980 --> 00:15:02,990 heating he encounters during his fall 449 00:15:02,990 --> 00:15:08,230 heating he encounters during his fall back into the atmosphere these courts to 450 00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:08,240 back into the atmosphere these courts to 451 00:15:08,240 --> 00:15:17,360 back into the atmosphere these courts to glance produce great 452 00:15:17,360 --> 00:15:17,370 453 00:15:17,370 --> 00:15:19,519 among the astronauts Walter sure i is 454 00:15:19,519 --> 00:15:19,529 among the astronauts Walter sure i is 455 00:15:19,529 --> 00:15:21,290 among the astronauts Walter sure i is charged with the special problem of 456 00:15:21,290 --> 00:15:21,300 charged with the special problem of 457 00:15:21,300 --> 00:15:30,400 charged with the special problem of studying the capsule environment 458 00:15:30,400 --> 00:15:30,410 459 00:15:30,410 --> 00:15:32,750 but there are some moments of rest for 460 00:15:32,750 --> 00:15:32,760 but there are some moments of rest for 461 00:15:32,760 --> 00:15:35,210 but there are some moments of rest for the astronauts here they sit in a 462 00:15:35,210 --> 00:15:35,220 the astronauts here they sit in a 463 00:15:35,220 --> 00:15:36,800 the astronauts here they sit in a projection room and watch the films 464 00:15:36,800 --> 00:15:36,810 projection room and watch the films 465 00:15:36,810 --> 00:15:38,240 projection room and watch the films taken of their visit to the Atlantic 466 00:15:38,240 --> 00:15:38,250 taken of their visit to the Atlantic 467 00:15:38,250 --> 00:15:41,750 taken of their visit to the Atlantic Missile Range cape canaveral on trips 468 00:15:41,750 --> 00:15:41,760 Missile Range cape canaveral on trips 469 00:15:41,760 --> 00:15:43,460 Missile Range cape canaveral on trips like this each man gathers information 470 00:15:43,460 --> 00:15:43,470 like this each man gathers information 471 00:15:43,470 --> 00:15:45,920 like this each man gathers information concerning his particular assigned area 472 00:15:45,920 --> 00:15:45,930 concerning his particular assigned area 473 00:15:45,930 --> 00:15:48,380 concerning his particular assigned area of individual study he is then 474 00:15:48,380 --> 00:15:48,390 of individual study he is then 475 00:15:48,390 --> 00:15:50,150 of individual study he is then responsible to the rest of the group for 476 00:15:50,150 --> 00:15:50,160 responsible to the rest of the group for 477 00:15:50,160 --> 00:16:00,600 responsible to the rest of the group for this information 478 00:16:00,600 --> 00:16:00,610 479 00:16:00,610 --> 00:16:10,310 Oh 480 00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:10,320 481 00:16:10,320 --> 00:16:12,980 Grissom's area of responsibility is the 482 00:16:12,980 --> 00:16:12,990 Grissom's area of responsibility is the 483 00:16:12,990 --> 00:16:14,540 Grissom's area of responsibility is the flight control system including the 484 00:16:14,540 --> 00:16:14,550 flight control system including the 485 00:16:14,550 --> 00:16:20,240 flight control system including the automatic pilot Cooper's area concerns 486 00:16:20,240 --> 00:16:20,250 automatic pilot Cooper's area concerns 487 00:16:20,250 --> 00:16:21,890 automatic pilot Cooper's area concerns the ballistic flights with the redstone 488 00:16:21,890 --> 00:16:21,900 the ballistic flights with the redstone 489 00:16:21,900 --> 00:16:28,100 the ballistic flights with the redstone missile 490 00:16:28,100 --> 00:16:28,110 491 00:16:28,110 --> 00:16:30,480 Shepherd is concerned with tracking and 492 00:16:30,480 --> 00:16:30,490 Shepherd is concerned with tracking and 493 00:16:30,490 --> 00:16:37,960 Shepherd is concerned with tracking and recovery of the capsule 494 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:37,970 495 00:16:37,970 --> 00:16:43,190 Glenn has the cockpit area 496 00:16:43,190 --> 00:16:43,200 497 00:16:43,200 --> 00:17:03,629 carpenter communication and navigation 498 00:17:03,629 --> 00:17:03,639 499 00:17:03,639 --> 00:17:07,059 and slaton has the responsibility for 500 00:17:07,059 --> 00:17:07,069 and slaton has the responsibility for 501 00:17:07,069 --> 00:17:17,889 and slaton has the responsibility for knowing atlas and all of its systems the 502 00:17:17,889 --> 00:17:17,899 knowing atlas and all of its systems the 503 00:17:17,899 --> 00:17:19,569 knowing atlas and all of its systems the possibility that trouble may develop 504 00:17:19,569 --> 00:17:19,579 possibility that trouble may develop 505 00:17:19,579 --> 00:17:21,730 possibility that trouble may develop with the Atlas or the redstone during 506 00:17:21,730 --> 00:17:21,740 with the Atlas or the redstone during 507 00:17:21,740 --> 00:17:23,889 with the Atlas or the redstone during the countdown or during the take-off is 508 00:17:23,889 --> 00:17:23,899 the countdown or during the take-off is 509 00:17:23,899 --> 00:17:25,569 the countdown or during the take-off is looked squarely in the eye by the 510 00:17:25,569 --> 00:17:25,579 looked squarely in the eye by the 511 00:17:25,579 --> 00:17:27,879 looked squarely in the eye by the astronauts and the engineers behind the 512 00:17:27,879 --> 00:17:27,889 astronauts and the engineers behind the 513 00:17:27,889 --> 00:17:31,419 astronauts and the engineers behind the project but this booster was not a 514 00:17:31,419 --> 00:17:31,429 project but this booster was not a 515 00:17:31,429 --> 00:17:33,549 project but this booster was not a mercury big but imagine the worst 516 00:17:33,549 --> 00:17:33,559 mercury big but imagine the worst 517 00:17:33,559 --> 00:17:35,620 mercury big but imagine the worst possible situation for the astronaut 518 00:17:35,620 --> 00:17:35,630 possible situation for the astronaut 519 00:17:35,630 --> 00:17:38,500 possible situation for the astronaut that his capsule is now mounted on top 520 00:17:38,500 --> 00:17:38,510 that his capsule is now mounted on top 521 00:17:38,510 --> 00:17:44,320 that his capsule is now mounted on top of this Apple the escape rocket takes 522 00:17:44,320 --> 00:17:44,330 of this Apple the escape rocket takes 523 00:17:44,330 --> 00:18:00,720 of this Apple the escape rocket takes the capsule away from the booster 524 00:18:00,720 --> 00:18:00,730 525 00:18:00,730 --> 00:18:11,950 the tower the parachute opens and the 526 00:18:11,950 --> 00:18:11,960 the tower the parachute opens and the 527 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:21,630 the tower the parachute opens and the capsule lands and see 528 00:18:21,630 --> 00:18:21,640 529 00:18:21,640 --> 00:18:24,940 success in a pioneer mission depends on 530 00:18:24,940 --> 00:18:24,950 success in a pioneer mission depends on 531 00:18:24,950 --> 00:18:27,360 success in a pioneer mission depends on optimal human performance and 532 00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:27,370 optimal human performance and 533 00:18:27,370 --> 00:18:29,710 optimal human performance and performance this is the voice of dr. 534 00:18:29,710 --> 00:18:29,720 performance this is the voice of dr. 535 00:18:29,720 --> 00:18:31,240 performance this is the voice of dr. Theodore Benzinger at the Naval Medical 536 00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:31,250 Theodore Benzinger at the Naval Medical 537 00:18:31,250 --> 00:18:34,180 Theodore Benzinger at the Naval Medical Center Bethesda Maryland they astronauts 538 00:18:34,180 --> 00:18:34,190 Center Bethesda Maryland they astronauts 539 00:18:34,190 --> 00:18:35,890 Center Bethesda Maryland they astronauts each take their afternoon of sweating it 540 00:18:35,890 --> 00:18:35,900 each take their afternoon of sweating it 541 00:18:35,900 --> 00:18:39,880 each take their afternoon of sweating it out in this gradient eat calorimeter in 542 00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:39,890 out in this gradient eat calorimeter in 543 00:18:39,890 --> 00:18:43,030 out in this gradient eat calorimeter in a temperature as hot as it is in here 544 00:18:43,030 --> 00:18:43,040 a temperature as hot as it is in here 545 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:45,580 a temperature as hot as it is in here now for him and will later be for you 546 00:18:45,580 --> 00:18:45,590 now for him and will later be for you 547 00:18:45,590 --> 00:18:50,590 now for him and will later be for you Alan 14 degrees Fahrenheit your internal 548 00:18:50,590 --> 00:18:50,600 Alan 14 degrees Fahrenheit your internal 549 00:18:50,600 --> 00:18:53,190 Alan 14 degrees Fahrenheit your internal body temperature is protected by a 550 00:18:53,190 --> 00:18:53,200 body temperature is protected by a 551 00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:56,440 body temperature is protected by a physiological mechanism of very high 552 00:18:56,440 --> 00:18:56,450 physiological mechanism of very high 553 00:18:56,450 --> 00:19:01,360 physiological mechanism of very high power and precision in the submarine 554 00:19:01,360 --> 00:19:01,370 power and precision in the submarine 555 00:19:01,370 --> 00:19:03,400 power and precision in the submarine carbon dioxide chamber at that has dro 556 00:19:03,400 --> 00:19:03,410 carbon dioxide chamber at that has dro 557 00:19:03,410 --> 00:19:05,410 carbon dioxide chamber at that has dro the astronaut to learn that space 558 00:19:05,410 --> 00:19:05,420 the astronaut to learn that space 559 00:19:05,420 --> 00:19:07,270 the astronaut to learn that space medicine and submarine medicine have 560 00:19:07,270 --> 00:19:07,280 medicine and submarine medicine have 561 00:19:07,280 --> 00:19:11,080 medicine and submarine medicine have common problems under emergency 562 00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:11,090 common problems under emergency 563 00:19:11,090 --> 00:19:12,910 common problems under emergency conditions there is a danger of the 564 00:19:12,910 --> 00:19:12,920 conditions there is a danger of the 565 00:19:12,920 --> 00:19:14,740 conditions there is a danger of the presence of unusual amounts of carbon 566 00:19:14,740 --> 00:19:14,750 presence of unusual amounts of carbon 567 00:19:14,750 --> 00:19:16,810 presence of unusual amounts of carbon dioxide in the space capsule or a 568 00:19:16,810 --> 00:19:16,820 dioxide in the space capsule or a 569 00:19:16,820 --> 00:19:28,760 dioxide in the space capsule or a submarine ho 570 00:19:28,760 --> 00:19:28,770 571 00:19:28,770 --> 00:19:31,140 after two hours in the chamber under 572 00:19:31,140 --> 00:19:31,150 after two hours in the chamber under 573 00:19:31,150 --> 00:19:33,090 after two hours in the chamber under three percent carbon dioxide these men a 574 00:19:33,090 --> 00:19:33,100 three percent carbon dioxide these men a 575 00:19:33,100 --> 00:19:35,610 three percent carbon dioxide these men a time but they were convinced that they 576 00:19:35,610 --> 00:19:35,620 time but they were convinced that they 577 00:19:35,620 --> 00:19:38,010 time but they were convinced that they could function for quite a long time at 578 00:19:38,010 --> 00:19:38,020 could function for quite a long time at 579 00:19:38,020 --> 00:19:39,390 could function for quite a long time at least long enough to make a complete 580 00:19:39,390 --> 00:19:39,400 least long enough to make a complete 581 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:41,340 least long enough to make a complete orbit of the earth and then to make an 582 00:19:41,340 --> 00:19:41,350 orbit of the earth and then to make an 583 00:19:41,350 --> 00:19:48,690 orbit of the earth and then to make an emergency re-entry and landing but 584 00:19:48,690 --> 00:19:48,700 emergency re-entry and landing but 585 00:19:48,700 --> 00:19:50,930 emergency re-entry and landing but before a man's life is risk in space 586 00:19:50,930 --> 00:19:50,940 before a man's life is risk in space 587 00:19:50,940 --> 00:19:52,860 before a man's life is risk in space animals will undergo the same 588 00:19:52,860 --> 00:19:52,870 animals will undergo the same 589 00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:55,650 animals will undergo the same operational stresses the animal research 590 00:19:55,650 --> 00:19:55,660 operational stresses the animal research 591 00:19:55,660 --> 00:19:57,240 operational stresses the animal research program connected with Project Mercury 592 00:19:57,240 --> 00:19:57,250 program connected with Project Mercury 593 00:19:57,250 --> 00:19:59,220 program connected with Project Mercury is an important core equity to research 594 00:19:59,220 --> 00:19:59,230 is an important core equity to research 595 00:19:59,230 --> 00:20:04,509 is an important core equity to research with human beings in space 596 00:20:04,509 --> 00:20:04,519 597 00:20:04,519 --> 00:20:09,200 you 598 00:20:09,200 --> 00:20:09,210 599 00:20:09,210 --> 00:20:11,849 the na sa research which created the 600 00:20:11,849 --> 00:20:11,859 the na sa research which created the 601 00:20:11,859 --> 00:20:14,369 the na sa research which created the individually molded couch was another 602 00:20:14,369 --> 00:20:14,379 individually molded couch was another 603 00:20:14,379 --> 00:20:16,320 individually molded couch was another step toward minimizing the hazard of 604 00:20:16,320 --> 00:20:16,330 step toward minimizing the hazard of 605 00:20:16,330 --> 00:20:41,220 step toward minimizing the hazard of injury during the mercury mission 606 00:20:41,220 --> 00:20:41,230 607 00:20:41,230 --> 00:20:45,160 this is the same man John Glenn sitting 608 00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:45,170 this is the same man John Glenn sitting 609 00:20:45,170 --> 00:20:47,860 this is the same man John Glenn sitting in his couch under 14 G's in the 610 00:20:47,860 --> 00:20:47,870 in his couch under 14 G's in the 611 00:20:47,870 --> 00:20:49,810 in his couch under 14 G's in the centrifuge at the naval aviation medical 612 00:20:49,810 --> 00:20:49,820 centrifuge at the naval aviation medical 613 00:20:49,820 --> 00:20:51,640 centrifuge at the naval aviation medical acceleration laboratory johnsville 614 00:20:51,640 --> 00:20:51,650 acceleration laboratory johnsville 615 00:20:51,650 --> 00:20:59,590 acceleration laboratory johnsville Pennsylvania 616 00:20:59,590 --> 00:20:59,600 617 00:20:59,600 --> 00:21:02,650 and this is Gus Grissom the astronauts 618 00:21:02,650 --> 00:21:02,660 and this is Gus Grissom the astronauts 619 00:21:02,660 --> 00:21:04,510 and this is Gus Grissom the astronauts consider this experience is probably the 620 00:21:04,510 --> 00:21:04,520 consider this experience is probably the 621 00:21:04,520 --> 00:21:05,980 consider this experience is probably the most important phase of their 622 00:21:05,980 --> 00:21:05,990 most important phase of their 623 00:21:05,990 --> 00:21:23,240 most important phase of their spaceflight environmental training 624 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:23,250 625 00:21:23,250 --> 00:21:27,900 alan shepard as he takes the G load of 626 00:21:27,900 --> 00:21:27,910 alan shepard as he takes the G load of 627 00:21:27,910 --> 00:21:41,940 alan shepard as he takes the G load of an emergency abort and landing 628 00:21:41,940 --> 00:21:41,950 629 00:21:41,950 --> 00:21:44,380 to be able to take this physical beating 630 00:21:44,380 --> 00:21:44,390 to be able to take this physical beating 631 00:21:44,390 --> 00:21:45,850 to be able to take this physical beating these men must be conditioned like 632 00:21:45,850 --> 00:21:45,860 these men must be conditioned like 633 00:21:45,860 --> 00:21:50,050 these men must be conditioned like athletes and the astronauts find that 634 00:21:50,050 --> 00:21:50,060 athletes and the astronauts find that 635 00:21:50,060 --> 00:21:51,520 athletes and the astronauts find that the physical discipline of underwater 636 00:21:51,520 --> 00:21:51,530 the physical discipline of underwater 637 00:21:51,530 --> 00:21:54,370 the physical discipline of underwater swimming is oddly effective in training 638 00:21:54,370 --> 00:21:54,380 swimming is oddly effective in training 639 00:21:54,380 --> 00:22:16,810 swimming is oddly effective in training toward a space mission 640 00:22:16,810 --> 00:22:16,820 641 00:22:16,820 --> 00:22:19,549 Navy underwater demolition team 21 of 642 00:22:19,549 --> 00:22:19,559 Navy underwater demolition team 21 of 643 00:22:19,559 --> 00:22:21,950 Navy underwater demolition team 21 of Little Creek Virginia supervises the 644 00:22:21,950 --> 00:22:21,960 Little Creek Virginia supervises the 645 00:22:21,960 --> 00:22:24,980 Little Creek Virginia supervises the instruction of the astronauts Al Shepard 646 00:22:24,980 --> 00:22:24,990 instruction of the astronauts Al Shepard 647 00:22:24,990 --> 00:22:26,930 instruction of the astronauts Al Shepard and Wally schirra have just completed a 648 00:22:26,930 --> 00:22:26,940 and Wally schirra have just completed a 649 00:22:26,940 --> 00:22:28,910 and Wally schirra have just completed a half-mile swim by compass course to the 650 00:22:28,910 --> 00:22:28,920 half-mile swim by compass course to the 651 00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:34,820 half-mile swim by compass course to the beach underwater swimming aside from 652 00:22:34,820 --> 00:22:34,830 beach underwater swimming aside from 653 00:22:34,830 --> 00:22:36,500 beach underwater swimming aside from being an excellent physical condition er 654 00:22:36,500 --> 00:22:36,510 being an excellent physical condition er 655 00:22:36,510 --> 00:22:38,420 being an excellent physical condition er accustoms the astronaut to a forced 656 00:22:38,420 --> 00:22:38,430 accustoms the astronaut to a forced 657 00:22:38,430 --> 00:22:40,220 accustoms the astronaut to a forced breathing discipline and closely 658 00:22:40,220 --> 00:22:40,230 breathing discipline and closely 659 00:22:40,230 --> 00:22:41,630 breathing discipline and closely approximates the condition of 660 00:22:41,630 --> 00:22:41,640 approximates the condition of 661 00:22:41,640 --> 00:22:43,940 approximates the condition of weightlessness which will be encountered 662 00:22:43,940 --> 00:22:43,950 weightlessness which will be encountered 663 00:22:43,950 --> 00:22:52,810 weightlessness which will be encountered in orbital flight 664 00:22:52,810 --> 00:22:52,820 665 00:22:52,820 --> 00:22:56,440 now imagine if you will that you are 666 00:22:56,440 --> 00:22:56,450 now imagine if you will that you are 667 00:22:56,450 --> 00:22:58,269 now imagine if you will that you are watching the first project mercury 668 00:22:58,269 --> 00:22:58,279 watching the first project mercury 669 00:22:58,279 --> 00:22:59,710 watching the first project mercury launching at the Atlantic Missile Range 670 00:22:59,710 --> 00:22:59,720 launching at the Atlantic Missile Range 671 00:22:59,720 --> 00:23:02,409 launching at the Atlantic Missile Range Cape Canaveral 672 00:23:02,409 --> 00:23:02,419 Cape Canaveral 673 00:23:02,419 --> 00:23:04,930 Cape Canaveral at launch time the man capsule with its 674 00:23:04,930 --> 00:23:04,940 at launch time the man capsule with its 675 00:23:04,940 --> 00:23:07,180 at launch time the man capsule with its escape system is thrust into the sky by 676 00:23:07,180 --> 00:23:07,190 escape system is thrust into the sky by 677 00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:09,009 escape system is thrust into the sky by the two booster engines and one 678 00:23:09,009 --> 00:23:09,019 the two booster engines and one 679 00:23:09,019 --> 00:23:16,570 the two booster engines and one sustainer engine of the Atlas 680 00:23:16,570 --> 00:23:16,580 681 00:23:16,580 --> 00:23:19,910 at an altitude of about 50 miles after 682 00:23:19,910 --> 00:23:19,920 at an altitude of about 50 miles after 683 00:23:19,920 --> 00:23:21,950 at an altitude of about 50 miles after some two minutes of flight the booster 684 00:23:21,950 --> 00:23:21,960 some two minutes of flight the booster 685 00:23:21,960 --> 00:23:25,310 some two minutes of flight the booster engines are turned off and jettison the 686 00:23:25,310 --> 00:23:25,320 engines are turned off and jettison the 687 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:27,080 engines are turned off and jettison the sustainer engine continues its thrust 688 00:23:27,080 --> 00:23:27,090 sustainer engine continues its thrust 689 00:23:27,090 --> 00:23:28,700 sustainer engine continues its thrust toward orbital speed as the escape 690 00:23:28,700 --> 00:23:28,710 toward orbital speed as the escape 691 00:23:28,710 --> 00:23:30,980 toward orbital speed as the escape rocket fires pulling the escaped our 692 00:23:30,980 --> 00:23:30,990 rocket fires pulling the escaped our 693 00:23:30,990 --> 00:23:44,530 rocket fires pulling the escaped our free of the capsule 694 00:23:44,530 --> 00:23:44,540 695 00:23:44,540 --> 00:23:46,660 orbital speed will be achieved at about 696 00:23:46,660 --> 00:23:46,670 orbital speed will be achieved at about 697 00:23:46,670 --> 00:23:49,690 orbital speed will be achieved at about 100 miles altitude once in orbit 698 00:23:49,690 --> 00:23:49,700 100 miles altitude once in orbit 699 00:23:49,700 --> 00:23:53,500 100 miles altitude once in orbit explosive bolts release the capsule 700 00:23:53,500 --> 00:23:53,510 explosive bolts release the capsule 701 00:23:53,510 --> 00:23:55,880 explosive bolts release the capsule separation rockets on the capsule fire 702 00:23:55,880 --> 00:23:55,890 separation rockets on the capsule fire 703 00:23:55,890 --> 00:24:03,799 separation rockets on the capsule fire pushing the capsule away from the Atlas 704 00:24:03,799 --> 00:24:03,809 705 00:24:03,809 --> 00:24:06,810 now the capsule automatic pilot rotates 706 00:24:06,810 --> 00:24:06,820 now the capsule automatic pilot rotates 707 00:24:06,820 --> 00:24:09,750 now the capsule automatic pilot rotates the capsule if the automatic pilot fails 708 00:24:09,750 --> 00:24:09,760 the capsule if the automatic pilot fails 709 00:24:09,760 --> 00:24:12,480 the capsule if the automatic pilot fails to respond or becomes erratic the pilot 710 00:24:12,480 --> 00:24:12,490 to respond or becomes erratic the pilot 711 00:24:12,490 --> 00:24:14,340 to respond or becomes erratic the pilot has controls to maneuver the capsule 712 00:24:14,340 --> 00:24:14,350 has controls to maneuver the capsule 713 00:24:14,350 --> 00:24:19,230 has controls to maneuver the capsule into proper orbital attitude through a 714 00:24:19,230 --> 00:24:19,240 into proper orbital attitude through a 715 00:24:19,240 --> 00:24:22,350 into proper orbital attitude through a periscope or through his window the 716 00:24:22,350 --> 00:24:22,360 periscope or through his window the 717 00:24:22,360 --> 00:24:25,710 periscope or through his window the pilot observes the earth below and the 718 00:24:25,710 --> 00:24:25,720 pilot observes the earth below and the 719 00:24:25,720 --> 00:24:36,180 pilot observes the earth below and the heavens beyond the horizon 720 00:24:36,180 --> 00:24:36,190 721 00:24:36,190 --> 00:24:39,060 near the end of the third order when the 722 00:24:39,060 --> 00:24:39,070 near the end of the third order when the 723 00:24:39,070 --> 00:24:40,860 near the end of the third order when the capsule is several hundred miles west 724 00:24:40,860 --> 00:24:40,870 capsule is several hundred miles west 725 00:24:40,870 --> 00:24:43,230 capsule is several hundred miles west off the coast of California the signal 726 00:24:43,230 --> 00:24:43,240 off the coast of California the signal 727 00:24:43,240 --> 00:24:47,399 off the coast of California the signal for re-entry is given retro rockets fire 728 00:24:47,399 --> 00:24:47,409 for re-entry is given retro rockets fire 729 00:24:47,409 --> 00:24:49,560 for re-entry is given retro rockets fire causing the capsule to leave its orbital 730 00:24:49,560 --> 00:24:49,570 causing the capsule to leave its orbital 731 00:24:49,570 --> 00:24:55,139 causing the capsule to leave its orbital path now man and capsule for and meteor 732 00:24:55,139 --> 00:24:55,149 path now man and capsule for and meteor 733 00:24:55,149 --> 00:24:58,649 path now man and capsule for and meteor light plunged toward the earth plunging 734 00:24:58,649 --> 00:24:58,659 light plunged toward the earth plunging 735 00:24:58,659 --> 00:25:00,090 light plunged toward the earth plunging through the atmosphere the heat shield 736 00:25:00,090 --> 00:25:00,100 through the atmosphere the heat shield 737 00:25:00,100 --> 00:25:04,919 through the atmosphere the heat shield glows white hi the blunt end must be 738 00:25:04,919 --> 00:25:04,929 glows white hi the blunt end must be 739 00:25:04,929 --> 00:25:09,880 glows white hi the blunt end must be pointed in the line of hall 740 00:25:09,880 --> 00:25:09,890 741 00:25:09,890 --> 00:25:12,490 the low patrol aircraft sweep the 742 00:25:12,490 --> 00:25:12,500 the low patrol aircraft sweep the 743 00:25:12,500 --> 00:25:30,150 the low patrol aircraft sweep the reentry area with radar 744 00:25:30,150 --> 00:25:30,160 745 00:25:30,160 --> 00:25:33,030 at 10,000 feet the main parachute 746 00:25:33,030 --> 00:25:33,040 at 10,000 feet the main parachute 747 00:25:33,040 --> 00:25:38,840 at 10,000 feet the main parachute extends and a so-far bomb is released 748 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:38,850 749 00:25:38,850 --> 00:25:41,910 the bomb exploding some 3,000 feet under 750 00:25:41,910 --> 00:25:41,920 the bomb exploding some 3,000 feet under 751 00:25:41,920 --> 00:25:45,540 the bomb exploding some 3,000 feet under the ocean provides an accurate fix with 752 00:25:45,540 --> 00:25:45,550 the ocean provides an accurate fix with 753 00:25:45,550 --> 00:25:47,250 the ocean provides an accurate fix with this information patrol aircraft and 754 00:25:47,250 --> 00:25:47,260 this information patrol aircraft and 755 00:25:47,260 --> 00:25:48,720 this information patrol aircraft and ships converge on the spot where the 756 00:25:48,720 --> 00:25:48,730 ships converge on the spot where the 757 00:25:48,730 --> 00:25:54,780 ships converge on the spot where the capsule is expected to land when the 758 00:25:54,780 --> 00:25:54,790 capsule is expected to land when the 759 00:25:54,790 --> 00:25:56,580 capsule is expected to land when the capsule hits the water the parachute is 760 00:25:56,580 --> 00:25:56,590 capsule hits the water the parachute is 761 00:25:56,590 --> 00:25:58,560 capsule hits the water the parachute is released in sea dye marker spreads out 762 00:25:58,560 --> 00:25:58,570 released in sea dye marker spreads out 763 00:25:58,570 --> 00:26:01,350 released in sea dye marker spreads out on the surface of the water as a capsule 764 00:26:01,350 --> 00:26:01,360 on the surface of the water as a capsule 765 00:26:01,360 --> 00:26:02,970 on the surface of the water as a capsule floats in the see a signal light and 766 00:26:02,970 --> 00:26:02,980 floats in the see a signal light and 767 00:26:02,980 --> 00:26:05,370 floats in the see a signal light and automatic radio transmitter indicate the 768 00:26:05,370 --> 00:26:05,380 automatic radio transmitter indicate the 769 00:26:05,380 --> 00:26:09,480 automatic radio transmitter indicate the exact position so before the Earth turns 770 00:26:09,480 --> 00:26:09,490 exact position so before the Earth turns 771 00:26:09,490 --> 00:26:12,930 exact position so before the Earth turns many hundred times another booster will 772 00:26:12,930 --> 00:26:12,940 many hundred times another booster will 773 00:26:12,940 --> 00:26:15,160 many hundred times another booster will rest on the pad of the Cape 774 00:26:15,160 --> 00:26:15,170 rest on the pad of the Cape 775 00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:17,740 rest on the pad of the Cape and one of the astronauts will ride here 776 00:26:17,740 --> 00:26:17,750 and one of the astronauts will ride here 777 00:26:17,750 --> 00:26:21,670 and one of the astronauts will ride here on the shoulders of atlas this unmanned 778 00:26:21,670 --> 00:26:21,680 on the shoulders of atlas this unmanned 779 00:26:21,680 --> 00:26:23,800 on the shoulders of atlas this unmanned Atlas booster and capsule proved in the 780 00:26:23,800 --> 00:26:23,810 Atlas booster and capsule proved in the 781 00:26:23,810 --> 00:26:25,860 Atlas booster and capsule proved in the flight test experiment named Big Joe 782 00:26:25,860 --> 00:26:25,870 flight test experiment named Big Joe 783 00:26:25,870 --> 00:26:28,240 flight test experiment named Big Joe that this vehicle could perform the 784 00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:28,250 that this vehicle could perform the 785 00:26:28,250 --> 00:26:38,770 that this vehicle could perform the mission 786 00:26:38,770 --> 00:26:38,780 787 00:26:38,780 --> 00:26:42,260 the castle without escape tower rocketed 788 00:26:42,260 --> 00:26:42,270 the castle without escape tower rocketed 789 00:26:42,270 --> 00:26:44,390 the castle without escape tower rocketed to 100 miles and was thrust downward to 790 00:26:44,390 --> 00:26:44,400 to 100 miles and was thrust downward to 791 00:26:44,400 --> 00:26:46,040 to 100 miles and was thrust downward to re-enter the Earth's atmosphere at a 792 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:46,050 re-enter the Earth's atmosphere at a 793 00:26:46,050 --> 00:26:48,380 re-enter the Earth's atmosphere at a speed just below the predicted reentry 794 00:26:48,380 --> 00:26:48,390 speed just below the predicted reentry 795 00:26:48,390 --> 00:26:52,130 speed just below the predicted reentry speed the capsule was recovered the 796 00:26:52,130 --> 00:26:52,140 speed the capsule was recovered the 797 00:26:52,140 --> 00:26:56,470 speed the capsule was recovered the Atlantic Ocean the tests will continue 798 00:26:56,470 --> 00:26:56,480 Atlantic Ocean the tests will continue 799 00:26:56,480 --> 00:26:58,940 Atlantic Ocean the tests will continue the experiments of training will go on 800 00:26:58,940 --> 00:26:58,950 the experiments of training will go on 801 00:26:58,950 --> 00:27:03,110 the experiments of training will go on to put man into orbit these are the 802 00:27:03,110 --> 00:27:03,120 to put man into orbit these are the 803 00:27:03,120 --> 00:27:05,200 to put man into orbit these are the astronauts 804 00:27:05,200 --> 00:27:05,210 astronauts 805 00:27:05,210 --> 00:27:13,570 astronauts united states Project Mercury we hope 806 00:27:13,570 --> 00:27:13,580 united states Project Mercury we hope 807 00:27:13,580 --> 00:27:15,549 united states Project Mercury we hope that you enjoyed the first edition of 808 00:27:15,549 --> 00:27:15,559 that you enjoyed the first edition of 809 00:27:15,559 --> 00:27:18,130 that you enjoyed the first edition of the astronauts thank you for joining us 810 00:27:18,130 --> 00:27:18,140 the astronauts thank you for joining us 811 00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:21,190 the astronauts thank you for joining us until next time this is Lynn Bondurant 812 00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:21,200 until next time this is Lynn Bondurant 813 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:22,930 until next time this is Lynn Bondurant saying goodbye from the NASA Lewis 814 00:27:22,930 --> 00:27:22,940 saying goodbye from the NASA Lewis 815 00:27:22,940 --> 00:28:45,030 saying goodbye from the NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland 816 00:28:45,030 --> 00:28:45,040 817 00:28:45,040 --> 00:28:47,100 you